All options below are real published treatments. Evidence-level reflects current clinical guidelines (NAMS / ACOG / Endocrine Society). Cost ranges are starting price estimates from $US public sources.
Treat underlying GSM (vaginal estrogen)
Topicalfirst lineFDA-approvedIf painful intercourse is a driver, fixing dyspareunia often restores desire indirectly.
Providers offering this: midi health, alloy womens health
Low-dose testosterone (off-label for women)
HRTsecond lineSide effects
acne, hirsutism (mild), voice changes (rare at proper dose)
No FDA-approved testosterone formulation for women, but global menopause societies endorse off-label transdermal use in postmenopausal HSDD. Effect modest but real.
Contraindications: Hormone-sensitive cancer history, pregnancy
Providers offering this: alloy womens health, midi health
Flibanserin (Addyi) — premenopausal only
Non-hormonalsecond lineFDA-approvedSide effects
dizziness, somnolence, hypotension
Daily oral. FDA-approved only for premenopausal women with HSDD. Modest effect; requires abstaining from alcohol.
Bremelanotide (Vyleesi)
Non-hormonalsecond lineFDA-approvedMonthly cost
$300-$1000 (per injection)
Side effects
nausea, flushing, transient hypertension
On-demand subcutaneous injection 45 min before activity. FDA-approved for premenopausal HSDD only. Limited adoption due to cost + nausea.